Te Hononga Tāhuhu Pūngao: Te Kīwai hei Whakangungu, hei Whakapakari i te Rīpoata

Te Mātauranga Hīkohinga Te Hononga Tirohanga Rīra

Me pēhea te Tuku Rākau e Tuku Atu ana i te Raraunga

Kei roto i ngā rākau whati matihiko, te tuhi raraunga ka taea mai i ngā pūrere rākau. Ka tirotirohia ngā pūrere nei hei whakauru i te raraunga, kia whai wāhi te kōrerorero herehere i waenganui i ngā tūmahi. Noho anamata rawa ko te whakamahi i ngā momo tirotiro pūnaha hoki pēnei i te On-Off Keying (OOK), e whakatakoto ana i te raraunga matua me te kore rākau. Nā te mea anō nui rawa, ko te Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), e whakauru ana i rua pūnaha tirotiro i tētahi atu wāhanga, ka whakawhanake noa iho te tuhi raraunga nga mahi ngatahi. Nga rorohiko i runga i enei raupapa he whakaatu i te uara nui o ratou i te whakapai i nga ratonga whirihora taarere. Ki te whakatutuki i nga puhoro maha i tino pai, e whiwhi ana nga huarahi iwa ki te wawe, ki te tino pai taarere e hiahia ana te ao hou ki te tuhinga matihiko.

Te Whakamutunga I Raro: Te Ture Matua

Te Whakamutunga I Raro (TIR) he ture ka whakaae i te maha ki te haere noa i roto i te waewae maha me te iti rawa atu i te mate. Ko te mea nei ka kitea i te waehanga i te kore i te paanga kotahi, e whakaatu ana i nga tohu pakari o nga take tuhinga i te core me te cladding take o te waewae. He aha tonu ko te tikanga o Snell, e hono ana i nga paanga o te takoto me te whakaputa ki nga tohu pakari. Ki te whakamahi i te TIR, ka mutu ai nga huarahi iwa ki te whakangungu, e hiahia ana te ao hou ki te tuhinga matihiko. te tuhi raraunga kia tino pai, kia tino tika i te wā e hirahira ana.

Nga Take o te Rauemi Waewae Maha o naianei

He rauemi whaea raupo whakamahere he maha ngā wāhanga matua e mahi nei i waenganui hei whakarite i te hākinakina hīrau me ngā ratonga raraunga. Nā ngā tākiri raupo e kawe ana i te raraunga hei take te whakaputa i ngā pūrongo i roto i ngā pūngao mōhiti. Nā ngā kaiwhakawehi e āwhina ana ki ngā hononga koreko i waenganui i ngā wāhanga o te whakamahere, e tiakina ana he whakaaro pai whakauru o te pūrongo . Nā ngā tohu me ngā kaiarahi te mahi nui i te whakatere i te raraunga huarahi i waenganui, whakahaere i te mea e paunga nei i te wehewehe mai me te kitea mai o ngā raraunga pēke raraunga ka whakapuaki mai me te kitea mai i waenganui i te whakamahere. Ko tēnei whakapapa herehere o ngā wāhanga e hanga nei i te tuoro hīrau nui, e āhei ana ki te whakangungu i te whakaputa i ngā ratonga raraunga e pai ana ki ngā hiahia o te ao kotahi i runga i te kōrero me te whakawhitinga pūtaiao. Ki te whakauru i ēnei wāhanga, ka noho ngā whaea raupo whakamahere i a rātou kapeneiti nui me te hiahia ki te mahi pai.

He aha te take? Te Hononga Tirohanga Rīra Ko te pai ake i ngā taumata kē

Tirohanga Hīrau: Raupo Whakamahere vs. Whakamahere Hīrau Waihanga

Te Hononga Tirohanga Rīra e tū tonu ana i tana haere i te whakarite i te hīrau nui rawa nui atu te hīrau raraunga , me te iti i aua ka whiwhi e ngā take whakawehenga rahi. Ka taea e ngā tūmomo kōrari whakaritorito i te maha o 1 Gbps, nā te mea ka pēpē te whakawehenga rahi i ngā wā pīkao nui, nō te whakawehenga rahi e whakaaetia ana ki ngā tāngata whai. Ko te hiranga haere nei i te whakapae mai i te āhua o ngā kōrari kōrari mōhiotia ki te tino pai rawa atu ki te whakamahere i te raraunga me te mōhiohia i te wā e hiahia ana ki te mōhiohia. nga mahi whakaritorito ka whakatutuki i te tautohe raraunga me te whakaputa, koia nei he whakariterite pai rawa mo te noho i roto i ngā taiao e hiahia ana ki te raraunga haere maha.

Te Whakapono Ki Nga Tauhere Kōrari

Tētahi o ngā hiranga nui o ngā kōrari kōrari i runga i ngā kōrari parāoa me ngā tūmomo kōrari he mea kore whai katoa whakaaroaro . He mea iti rawa ngā kōrari kōrari ki te whakapā tahuhu , e whakaiti haere ana i te whakarereke rārangi i runga i ngā takiwā roa. Ki te āhei ki ngā hīnātore kupenga, ka whai kaha ngā tākutu pūmore raupapa ki te whakatika i te kōwhiri, e hāngai ana ki te oranga roa me te hekenga iti i ngā huringa whakahaere. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere rārangi whakapā kei te angitia mai te itinga wāhanga mō ngā tākutu pūmore i runga i ngā tākutu kupenga. E whai kaha ana tēnei i ngā tākutu pūmore ki te whakamana i tētahi hononga rārangi nui me te kohikohi mutunga, e mahi ana hei whakanui mō ngā pūnaha e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi matua, ahakoa kua kitea ngā huringa whakahaere me te whakarereke rārangi i ngā rārangi tipuna.

Kaha Rārangi mō ngā Whakahaere Matua

Ka whai kaha ngā tākutu pūmore kaha rārangi e ono atu ana i a kupenga me ngā rārangi waihoki, e pai ana ki ngā whakahaere matua pērā i te whakaatu whakaaturanga HD, te rorohiko kumukumu, me ngā whakamahere rara moana nui. E whai kaha ana te kaha rārangi o ngā tākutu pūmore ki te whakamana i ngā whakamahere rara rara ki te iti iho i te whitiwhiti kai. Ki te tirohanga i ngā tohu kaha rārangi me ngā rara mō te wahekeanga rara rara i ngā whakarite poroaki, ko tēnei pūkaha he mea nui mo te whakamana i ngā hiahia whai ake i runga i te tekau tau kei mua. Ko ngā tītoko ā-mokemoke nekeneke noa iho te whanaketanga, whakaae tonu ki te whakawhanake hei whakamana i ngā hiahia whakamahere nei o te rorohiko. Ki runga i tēnei whanaketanga, whakapai pūnaha nekeneke kē atu, ka noho ai ngā tītoko ā-mokemoke hei whakatau mō ngā rōpū e tiaki ana i ngā tuhinga matatika kino.

Nga Painga Nui o Te Hononga Tirohanga Rīra mo ngā Pūnaha Hou

Whakaitiwhakatetonga mo ngā Tauārai Tirohanga

Ka pai ngā rangitaki mokemoke i te itinga tetonga, mea nui nei i te tauārai tirohanga pērā i te VoIP, kēmu, me te kōrero whakawhiti whakaaturanga. Ko te itinga tetonga, ko te wā i mua i te whakamutunga o ngā raraunga ka huri whakamua i te whakaaro, e āheinga ana i ēnei ratonga. Me te whakamahi i te mārama ki te whakawhiti i ngā raraunga, ka noho tēnei i te mea nui rawa atu i ngā tohu hiko kāhui i whakamahia e ngā tāhuhu parū whakaritorito. Ko te mutunga he iti noa iho ngā wā i te wehi, ā, ka tataki i ngā whakaaturanga pai ake. Ka whakaatu ngā rorohiko, ko ngā tāhuhu mārama ka whai wāhanga iti rawa atu i te hunga tuatahi, whakapakari i te mana whakamutunga mo ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana i te kōrero herehere.

Te Whakatipu i te Wā i Mua ki ngā Tauwhiro Tono

Ka taea e ngā tāhuhu mārama nei te whakapuaki i te āhua , me whiwhi atu rātou i ngā huringa whakamua mō ngā tono pūngao i muri iho. Kīhai e hiahia ana te whakahērangi i tētahi rangapū kiriata ki te whakakapi i ngā momo tūtohu, ka whakaaehe tonu ki te whakawhanake i roto i ngā huringa raraunga. Ki te pēhi ake te whakamahi i te rongoāhiko, e whakahaere nei ana ngā ratonga pēnei i ngā ratonga purei me te pūkana i mua, ko ngā whakaritenga pai hei tiaki i ngā huringa raraunga. He mōhiohia e ahau he nui ake ai te huringa o te rama rongoāhiko o te ao i runga i ngā tau e heke mai nei, ā, kei te hanga i ngā whiuwhiu e pai ana ki te whai iho i tēnei whakanui.

Whakatūpato Hou mo te Whakapiki i te Rangahau

Tono atu he nui o ngā painga o ngā kiriata kiriata haumaru e mōhio ana rangahau raraunga . Ki te kore rawa i te whakakapi i ngā kiriata porohita, ka whakaekehia noa iho e kore rawa i kitea, ka whai wawe rawa ngā kiriata kiriata ki te whakaeke. Ko tēnā mea kē ka mahi pai ki ngā pakihi me ngā tangata e hiahia ana ki te tiaki i te haumanu raraunga. Kaore ngā kiriata kiriata ki te whakatakoto i ngā pūrongo e whakaeke ana, ā, ka tohua he iti rawa te uiui i te take ngā whakamahere raraunga . Putanga e hīrai ana i ngā rautaki hereaitu e tataki nei, e whakaatu ana he nui ake ngā uara here tūrongo here i te maha o ngā rānei here pūnaro, me te huriha atu ki te whakatū takeherehere mō ngā wāhi kōrero tūpato.

Te Whakawhitinga Pūnaro Tāwhiti i ngā Hangarau Mō Āpōpō

25G/50G PON: Te Whakahounga i te Waea Whare me te Waea Pakihi

Ko te tuhinga hou o ngā 25G me ngā 50G Here Pūnaro Kauwhata (PON) e whakarerekē ana i te whenua o te waea whare me te waea pakihi waea pakipiki . I tēnei hanganga e whiwhi ana i ngā hononga ki te maha o ngā whakamahi ake i raro i tētahi hanga tūranga kotahi, e whai ake ana i te mahi pai o ngā tākutu pūmau. Ki te kore rawa atu i ngā kaupapa tawhito, mea atu ai te PON i te iti rawa atu i ngā tuhinga me te tirotiro, nō reira ka taea te whiwhi i ngā raumati korengarenga, he whakatipu hoki mai i ngā mahi pai o ngā pūmau. I ngā wāhi paheko me ngā wāhi noho whenua, kua whakarerekētia te take whakaae internet e te hanga tūranga nei, hei whakaatu i te mea kua puarenga ngā hapori i te whakapai i te hono. Nā ēnei whakatinanatanga ka whakaatu ai tana āhua hei whakapiha i ngā tohu whenua me te tuku i ngā whakangungu e taea te whai iho i te waenganui.

Te Puta Mai o te Wero i te Mahara ki te Rangi me te Momete Kauwhata

Nō ngā tau e huri nei i te whakamahi i te momete kauwhata me te momentum kauwhata (OAM) i roto i ngā tākutu pūmau, ka puta he wero nui ki te kemokimi o te whakaputa . Ki te whakawhiti i ngā puhipuhi māngai, ka nui ake ngā kaiarahi rongo i tuku ana i tētahi pūtau matihiko anō, me whakatika i tana whatitanga. Kua kitea ngā whanonga hou nei he paihere noa i ngā whakamahere o te ao rēaaliti, me utu nui ake i ngā ratonga i taea ai ki mua. Kua whakaatu ngā rangahau i ēnei hanganga ki te whakangungu i ngā raraunga i ngā haerenga e whai ake nei i ngā momo konukonu, me ara whakamua mo te whakapakari me te haere tonu nui. waea pakipiki . Tēnei whiti i te hunga whakahaere he whakaae kia whakarite i te tonu whaihua mo aratuku ki to tatou ao matihiko e whai ake nei.

Whakauru ki te 5G me te Whare Mātauranga Matihiko

Ko te hononga pūtau matihiko he take tuatahi mo te whakatakoto o ngā tūmomo 5G me te whakawhanake o nga tuhinga matihiko arohatia . Ki te tuku mai i te take mea mo ngā wāhanga whakawaha, whakapono, matihiko, ka whakaae ngā pūtau matihiko i te whakauru pai o ngā momo hunga mōhio hou. Ko tēnei tuhinga e hiahia ana kia whakarite i nga tūmomo 5G , he aha rānei i hiahiatia te mohiotanga matua me te iti whenu hei whai wā. Kua whakaaetia e ngā whakamahere ā-taone me ngā kaiwhai take, ko ngā pūtango pukapuka hei waehae matua ki te whakapai i ngā hanganga taone, e hīkina nei ngā taone arohatia, akeakea. Ko ngā whakaawenga i tēnei rohe e tautoko ana i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā rāhui mahara ki te rārangi mahinga raraunga , whakamahia ai ngā taone ki te whakahoki tonu ki ngā hiahia o ngā tāngata whai wā. Ki roto i te ao whakangungu e huri nei, ka tiakina e ngā pūtango pukapuka i te whakangungu me te whakaawenatanga i runga i ngā taone.

Te Whakatinanatia i te Hononga Pukapuka: Nga Kaupapa Whakamahi

FTTH vs. FTTB: Te Kitea i te Tauira Tono Tika

Ki te whakaaro te Hononga Tirohanga Rīra i te whakauru, e hāngai ana te kīwaha i waenganui o te Rereke ki te Whare (FTTH) me te Rereke ki te Tūrupeke (FTTB). Ko te FTTH kei te whiwhi i te rahi momoara pai ake ki ngā oneone whare, koia nei he pai noa iho mō ngā wāhi takiwā me ngā wāhi nohohanga matua e hiahia ana ki te whiwhi i te momoara pai. Ki te wā tuatahitia, ko te FTTB kei te whiwhi i te hononga rereke ki tētahi wāhi whakaaetanga anake ki roto i ngā whare herehere ā-nui rānei, ā-poro rānei, e hokiha ana i te utu iti me te whakamahi pai i ngā wāhi papa tūranga ā-motu rānei, ā-porohita rānei. Ka kitea i ngā whakarite whai take e rawekea ana te FTTH i ngā wāhi nohohanga me ngā wāhi maunga hau due to its direct service delivery, while FTTB is preferred in urban areas where fiber infrastructure can efficiently serve multiple users within a single building. Me mōhio ki ēnei momo whakauru ka taea e ngā pakihi me ngā paipera hapori te whakahoki i ngā hiahia ā-wahitanga rānei me ngā whakaaro utu.

Whakauru Utu me te Nganga Tawhiti

He mōhio nui ki te whakauru utu i te rereke rama he whakatū tonu i te mea nui i tēnei, ko te hokohoko kia mutu i te wā (ROI) he nui noa iho i raro i ngā āhuatanga whai mana whakahaere me ngā utu whakahaere iti. Ko ngā pūtahi kōkiri he pai rawa atu aratuku me te itinga iti i ngā take tuhituhi o te taiao, e hīnati ana ki ngā mate iti me ngā utu whakahaere iti. Ko ngā matatika moni e whakaatu nei, ka kitea i muri i te wā, ko ngā tāpae i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, ngā itinga i ngā kaiwhakamahere motu, me te whakapai i te tiaki hei paunga i ngā paunga moni nui. Ki te hanga i te mahi me te whanake, ka taea e ngā pūkenga hokohoko e whai ana i ngā rīpoata kōkiri, te whiwhi i ngā tāpae nui i muri i te wā, inahea ka taea te whakaatu i aua rīpoata he whakaaetanga moni i runga i ngā tūranga whakahaere.

Whakangaromia ngā Whakaritenga Whakauru i ngā Wāhi Paki me ngā Wāhi Nooroa

Te whakatū i ngā pūnaha pūngao e whai ake nei i ngā whakamahi kē ki te wāhi. I ngā wāhi paipera, he nui ngā ture, he paihere ngā waewae o raro i te whenua, ā, he nui hoki ngā utu whakaaetanga e whakangungunu i te mutunga o ngā kaupapa. Ki runga i tērā, ko ngā wāhi noho whenua e kitea ana i te whakapae whenua me ngā pūnake tinana pēnei i ngā maunga rānei, ngā awa rānei, e whakarerekē ana i te whakatū pūnaha pūngao i roto i ngā wāhi nui. Hei whakatika i ēnei whakamahi, ka whakamahi ngā whakahaere i ngā whakataunga hangarau hou, pēnei i te mikotikeni, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu me ngā wā i taea ai te whakatū pūnaha pūngao i ngā wāhi paipera, ā, me ngā whakawhitinga tuhinga motuhake hei kawe i te tari herehere i ngā wāhi noho whenua iti i te whakauru. Ko te ara mōhio ki ēnei tūtohu kei te whakaheke i ngā porihitanga whakatinanatanga, ā, e whakapakari ana i te whakatū. herehere taumata ū ki ngā iwi katoa i te tika.

Ngā Pātai e Patai Pūnoa Ana

Me pēhea te whiwhi i te whakaputa raraunga taumata ū e whiwhi i ngā pūnaha pūngao?

E whiwhi ana ngā pūnaha pūngao i te whakaputa raraunga taumata ū ki te whiwhi i ngā pūpū kura e whakamahia ana ki te whakairo raraunga i te tika.

He aha te Putanga Matua Waho ake me mēnā he aha te take i tērā?

Te whakamana i te Whanonga Piri Roa ki te kawe maha o nga raengaro me te heke iti nei i roto i nga pūtahi optika, e whai ana i te whakapakari i te hokinga i runga i nga wa ohaoha.

Me pēhea te whakatauaki mō te hononga optika ki te whaipārangi rūkahu?

Ka tino pai ake te hononga optika i ngā ratonga whakamahere raraunga me te pai rawa i te whakawehenga i te whaipārangi rūkahu, ēngari i waenganui i ngā wā pīkao.

He aha te take i te pai rawa o ngā pūtahi optika i runga i ngā tūmomo kupenga kapa?

Ka whai ake ngā pūtahi optika i te whakamutunga i te whiuwhiu hangarau me te whakatupu koroni, e hiahiatia ana i ngā hiranga whakahaere me te pai rawa i te whakamana.

Me pēhea te whakangungu i te haumanu e ngā pūtahi optika?

Ka whai ake ngā pūtahi optika i te whakamutunga i te whakapae i runga i ngā kāpehi kapa me te kore rawa i te tahua o ngā raengaro e taea ana te whakapiki iho, e whakaititia ana i ngā hokoanga raraunga.