Mōhiohia te Rorohiko ki te- KĀINGA (FTTH) Hanganga
He aha te FTTH me āna take tino hira
Rere ki te KĀINGA (FTTH) he momo hangarau ahurea hou mo whakamohio i ngā hononga whakaaraara e taea ana e katoa te hunga noho i roto i tētahi whenua. I whakapai iti noa iho tēnei rāngai i te hononga ki te waewae maunga, he mea nui rawa atu, he wāhi tuhinga kinematiwaka nui ake, me te maha o ngā whatunga, e whakatutuki ana i ngā tono nui o te ao matihiko anō i tenei wā. Ka noho ngā hononga FTTH i runga i te 1 Gbps, e pai ana ki te whakangungu i ngā whakamahi ā-wāhanga me ngā tono ā-pūnaha, ina whakauru mai i ngā pūrongo, ngā mahi whakaaroaro, me te mahi mai i te kāinga. Ko tēnei ka whakahau ake tonu hei tino hira i te ao o te rā, i te whakawhanake o te whakamahi matihiko. Ki te tatauranga hou, ko te paerangi FTTH ka whakaae he tonu nui i te whakamahere, i te whakapae i te whakapai hia ake nei o te raumati o te waewae maunga me te pai o te hononga i te kitea mai o te hunga nui e whakamahi ana i te oranga matihiko.
FTTH ki runga i te rorohiko whānui: Nga wahanga matua
Whakatau ki te whaipara pakori rae: Ki te ao katoa, ka taea te whakaatu i te whaipara pakori rae, ko DSL me te kable, heoi ano, ko FTTH te kotahi tonu i tana mana i waenganui i ngā hiranga haerehere, pono, me ngā wāwhanga hanga. Ko ngā ratonga DSL me te kable e whakawhiti ana i runga i ngā niho huruhuru, kei reira tonu te hunga o rātou i te maha o ngā Mbps, engari ko ngā whakatū FTTH, e whakamahi ana i ngā niho ā-ao iwa hei whakawhiti i te raraunga ki te marama, ka tuku atu rātau i ngā hiranga tuhituhi me ngā hiranga takutaku i te maha o te 1Gbps. Ko FTTH hoki ka tino iti ngā wāwhanga, ka mutu noa ki te 20 ms rānei, kei reira tonu te pai rawa o ngā whakamahi i waenganui i te wā, pērā i te kōrero paki me te tākaro i roto i te ipurangi. Ko ngā hononga whakapā mai he iti i te haerehere, nā tērā ka noheke ake rātou mo enei tikanga, ahakoa ko ngā hononga DSL he nui ake ngā wāwhanga, nā tērā ka noheke ake rātou mo enei whakamahi. Kua kitea i ngā tauira e whakaatu ana i te mea ko ngā whakamahi FTTH ka pai ake, ka tino tika rawa te hono ki te ipurangi - he pai rawa tēnei korero mo tētahi take pērā i te FTTH ka whai noa iho i ngā tohu pakori rae.
Pēnei Taura Tirohanga Rīra Ko te Taurangi ki Tō Whare
Te taurangi rangi: Te tūhono tākaro i runga
Te whakamahi i te rautaki o te marangai mo te tuku i nga taatai pukapuka optika he tino rautaki, i tenei waa ka tukutia nga taatai ki runga i nga pou whakatiki e pa ana i mua, ko tenei mea ka whakamahia nui i roto i nga waahi pa. Ka tiakina etahi atu utu nui ma tenei rautaki, ina kahore i te hiahia ki te whakarereke i nga whakawhitinga hanga i runga i nga kaiwhakarihariha ratonga. Heoi pea, ka ngaro i te mahi tuawhiti nei i te take i nga ahurea haerenga, penei i nga hau karuhiruhi matangaro, nga hauhere hereka nui, nohoaka nui, ranei ka mate ai etahi o enei raeta. Ki te rangahau iwi, ko te tuku ki runga i te marangai he ake tonu i te pa, i runga i nga wahi kainga kotahi ano, e kitea ana i te hunga kotahi kaore i te pai rawa o te hanganga whakawhitinga, e tauria ana i te 60% o nga hanga FTTH.
Te whakauru i raro i te whenua: Te kotuku me te konata
Kei roto i te whakatū hapa ki raro i ngā tākutu pūtahi, ka whakarōpūtia ngā tākutu pūtahi ki runga i ngā kaiwhakawehi e raro i te tahataha whenua. Ki tēnei tūmomo, ka whakamahia te paetara hei whakatakoto i te pou, ā, kāore ngā huringa o te āhuatanga o te hāpori, pērā i te huarere, e pānga ana, ā, te kiritahi i te kiteaka o te pūtiki ka taea e ia hei whakaatu i tētahi mea pai ake ko te mea nui kei te kotahi mea mō ngā kāinga me ngā pā hapori e hiahia ana ki te whakauru i te tirohanga hei whakahua. Heoi, ahakoa he raru ngā mahi tae ki raro, pērā i ngā toki whakaae me te wā e tūmomo nei, kāore i te mea korenoa, he kī ia. Koina, kei te nui ake ngā pai anō o te whakapakari i te whiuwheku i runga i ngā raru inhere me te whakatū ki raro, ko te tūmomo whakatū e whakaaweawe ana i te utu whakahaere i te wā e houhou nei.
Tūmomo Whakapā Ki Tawhiti (NID): Te hono atu ki te kaiwhakarite
I te wā e tae ana te kākano pūrere ki roto ki te tūmomo whare, ko te Tūmomo Whakapā (NID) he wāhi matua. Ko ia te āwhina i ngā tohu kia tae ki runga i te tītoko o te kāinga me te āwhina hoki i te whakarite i ngā waru e hiahiatia ana mō te rahi o te ipurangi. Ka noho ngā NID hei āwhina i te iti raweke me te tirohanga i ngā ture me ngā tikanga katoa kia mau ai te mahi nui i ngā wāhi noho kāinga. Ka āwhina hoki ngā NID i te whakarite i te rahi nui rawa e taea ana e te kākano pūrere i te whakamahere i te hononga herehere kia tutuki tonu i waenganui i te whare.
Tūtohi Pūnaha Matatoki (ONT): Te Waehanga Nui
Whakauru ONT: Rohe i roto vs. rohe i waho
Kei hea te whakatūria i tētahi ONT i te wā e tūhono ana i ngā tākutu pūmore ki roto i tētahi whare, ko tērā he āhuatanga nui. Ko te kōwhiringa i waenganui i te rohe o mua me te rohe o waho e hoki hoki ana ki a he ahe, he aha e taea ana i roto i te wāhi, he aha te āhua o te huarere, me pēhea te amoiti o ōu whakahaere. AHA, 52 2012: E tūhono ana te Tūmau Rīpoata Matihiko (ONT) ki roto hei whakaiti i ngā huringa, pērā i te ua me te rākau whakatupu, ahakoa kei reira ngā huringa / hāpai huarua hei whakaae i te whakapae. Ko te whakatū i waho nā runga i te hangarau whakamahana hei whakatika i ngā huringa.
Te whakarite taiao i te tūranga pūtahi ONT ki waho, ko te kawe ake i te wāhi pai ki roto i te whare, e hia tonu ana ki te ara o te hīnāhina me te tūranga whenua o te rorohiko. [Mō ngā whakaritenga ki waho, e hia tonu ana te ONT ki roto i te kawe āhua kaiwharahara] hei tiaki i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao. Kāoahi nei he mea nui kē te whakarereke pai o te ONT, e kī ana e ngā tohunga rorohiko, ka noho nui tēnei i ngā raupapa me te pai o te rorohiko kāinga. Whakapai i ngā mea katoa nei, ko te whakarite pro katoa te huarahi pai rawa.
Te whakahoa pūmau: Mai i te mārama ki te hiko
Te mahi nui o te Optical Network Terminal (ONT) he whakamohio i ngā pūmau māwhero mai i te raraunga pūnaha ki roto i tētahi tīroro FTTX, ka whakawhiti i aua pūmau māwhero he pūmau hiko. Ka taea tēnei whakahē ki te whakamahi i ngā wāhi matatika kei roto i te ONT, pērā i ngā rehia me ngā kaiwhata māwhero. Ko te mahi o ēnei wāhi kotahi ko te whakapākehāngia i te whiuwehi matatika o ngā rāriki pūnaha ki ngā pūmau hiko tūmanawa e mōhio ana ō mātau rāpuretu. (Ki te marama Apirī 2019, kua whakamahia anō te hunga matatika ONT, ka taea te whakamana i te raupapa haere i te Internet i te takoha 1 Gbps tamata.)
Nā te whakahaere pai o ngā tohu kawe, ka tiakina i te itinga here me te hononga pai o te iwi neti, e hīkoi ana i te hanganga whakahirahira, pērā i te whakanui i ngā rauemi 4K rānei ko te whakahaere i ngā kōmihana whare mōhio.
Ngā hiahia waewae me ngā whakarato whakaaetanga
Kua whakaritea ngā Onto hei whakamahi i te hauora hiko mai i te whare, ka whakamahia he hononga tino waimarie me te tirotiro. He mea nui noa te whakarite i te hononga internet i waenganui i ngā pūnaha hiko, ko tēnei te wā e kitea ai ngā whakaaro pai. Kia whakariterite te re:publica ki te tuhinga i runga i te hononga internet, ka taea te whakauru i ngā rārangi kōrero ki runga i te whenua.
Ki te tatauranga, e āhei ana ngā whawhai ā-enereti ki te whai wāhi nui i te haurongo o te Ipurangi i ngā whakatere Fiber to the Home (FTTH). No reira, kua tautohetohe ngā rautaki i te mea ko ngā wā iti noa iho he wā e tūmomo ana, he wā e hoki nei i te wehe nui i te pūmanawa o ngā raraunga, ka whakaatu ake anō te nuinga o te whakatutuki pai i ngā whakarite mō te whakamahere. Te whakatūwhiti i te pūtahi taipū mō ngā ONTs ka noho tonu ai te whakawhitinga hei whakapono, hei whakapono, ahakoa i te whakapae kaiwhakarato o te enereti. "Ki te koe kua whakatūwhiti koe i tētahi whakarite kaiwhakarato i mua, ka taea e koe te tiakina i te tūmahi rīpoata o tō whare i te waehere o te enereti, ka taea e koe te whakaputa i te wahine i waenganui i te mea kāore i te ipurangi, e hiahia ana ki ia i ngā momo raruraru."
Whakaritenga i te Rīnoka Tuatahi me te Whakawehe
Whakaritenga Pūnaha: Te Waihanga Hono i waenganui i ngā ONT ki ngā Kōmuri
He whiwhianga nui kia whakariterite te raeta ki te ONT i roto i te aratau kaihono, ahakoa, me penei kaore he raeta ki te hononga ONT hei whakamana i nga ratonga huarahi whaiao FTTx i nga kare. Whakatūhia i te mutunga o te hononga raeta me te ONT - e mahi nei pea - me te whakamahi i tetahi kaiaka etihana. Toruhia ki te whaarangi whakariterite o te raeta mai i tetahi waewae waea, whakaritea nga ingoa me nga kupuhipa ISP, te kōnae taha SSID, me etahi atu whiringa hoki i ngaro i te hiahia. Ko nga hapa tipu he whakauru kupuhipa e kore e tika, me etahi IP addresses e kore e tika, ka taea e koe te whakatika i tenei raruraru i te mea ka whakahokia e koe te raeta me te tukua iho ano i te tuhinga katoa. Ka taeke nga matenga i te mea i runga i nga raeta e tika ana te whakariterite, kei te pai noa iho i te 90% te hunga e mohio ana ki te whakapono [o te hononga] me te rahi.
Whiringa Cat6: Te hono ki ngā Rīpoata Kāinga
Te whakamahi i te tāwāhi Cat6 ki roto i tō whare rīpoata ka hua noa atu ngā paunga i runga i te tāwāhi Cat5, ināianei ko te kiko maha ake me te iti iho o ngā kōrero whakaputa, whakarite ana he whakaaetanga pai mo ngā mahi pēnei i te tamataki me te tuhipoka whakaatu. Mo te tūhono, he whakarite tonu ngā rākau tāwāhi e āta poto ana i ngā roa tāwāhi me te whakawehi i ngā kōpūtanga hei whakapai i te haurongo whakamutunga. Mo te whakarerekē i mua, kei te whakarite ano ngā kaiwhakarato hei whakawehi i te tāwāhi Cat6 i raro i te tāwāhi whakariterite hei wāhanga o ngā kaupapa hanga whare hou rānei me te whakatipu anō. Ka taea tēnei mahi te whakamana i tō rīpoata whare i raro i te kohinga raraunga me te āhua pai o te hono ki ngā taumata hiko nui mō ngā kōrero whare katoa, whakarite ana i ngā paunga e whakahoa ana e FTTH kia whakamanahia ki ngā taiao tāwāhi rānei.
Whakawehi Wi-Fi: Whakamaximing Tautohe
He whakahirahira te wāhi whakariterite mō ngā kāinga nui, hei whakamana i ngā rautaki tuhura me ngā pūtanga atu Wi-Fi rānei. Nō reira, he huarahi tūtonu kei te whakamahi i ngā rauemi ā-rua, pērā i ngā tūmomo herehere here, e hīkoi ana i te raraunga ki runga i ngā waaka motuhake, hei whakatika i ngā āhuatanga hanga o te kainga. He rangahau tonu tēnei, e tere ana ngā kāinga me ngā tūmomo herehere here ki te whai i te 30% nui ake i ngā kāinga e whai ana i tētahi router anake. Ko ēnei rautaki, he whakamana i te noho pai, e pātata ana ki te whakawehe i ngā wāhi kore here, me te whakahaere i tētahi taiao herehere whakapae, hei whakangungu i te whakamahi herehere i roto i ngā mōhiotia katoa. I te whakatūria i ngā ratonga herehere internet, ka whakaae te whakatere i te whiu-wi-fi ki te whakamana i te herehere nui ki ngā wāhi katoa o te whare.
Ngā Whakamātau Whakauru me ngā Tip Tikanga
Whakakorengia ngā Whitinga Rorohiko me te Mate Whiu
Ko te whakamana i te tāpukeutanga he mea nui kē kia whakaritea ai kia kaua te mārama i te hokohoko i te tohu optika, ā, kia tiakina ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana. Nā ngā paerewa whakahaere i te whenua e whakariteretia nei ngā rahi tāpukeutanga tika mō te wā e whakamahia ai ngā tākiri optika. Ki te tāpukeutia nui rawa ngā tākiri, ka puta he mate nui i te hokohoko o te pūmanawa, e whai ake ana i te hononga waipū motuhake iti. I te take whakauru rītenga tākiri optika, ka kitea he mate nui i te mahi i te iti nui o ngā tāpukeutanga. Nā reira, ko te whakaaro pai ki ngā tikanga matua i roto i te kawe tākiri (nā ināianei, ngā momo tāiao tika me ngā pūkenga) he mea whai mana hei whakaae i ēnei take, ā, hei whakatūwhera i te paetawhiti whanui mo te rangatūnga o te rītenga tākiri.
Te Whakarite i ngā Hononga Ahumoana
Kia mahi tika te whakarongo i ngā hononga pūnaha matihiko ki waho hei whai wāhi i te mahi tonu i te wā e kino ana ngā hāpori. I te noho whakaari, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mea pērā i ngā kōwhiri korewai me ngā tauira whakaruruhau hei whakarongo. Ka whakamahi ēnei ki te whakahoki i ngā kāhua i te wai me ngā whakarereke o te werawera, ko ēnei ka hangaia he mate mo ngā kāhua. He mōhio hoki ngā kāhua ki ngā hāpori kino; ka whakatūria i raro i te kawe kohatu ka whakanui ake i te oranga o rātou. He rangahau mo te oranga o te whakatū pūnaha matihiko e kite ana, ko ngā kāhua matihiko pai whakaruruhau kei te whai take ki te taiao mo te mahi tonu mō te wā.
Ngā Tāngata Whakamātau me ngā Tāngata Whakarite (hei tauira, OTDR)
Kāore te whakauru i ngā pūtonga rama ki te tirohia me ngā tāngata whakarereke kia pai ai, mēnā ka whai i te hanga whakaatu hoki i ngā tāngata OTDRs. Ka whakamahi ngā tāngata nei hei tiki i ngā take pērā i te mate o te pūngao rama rānei, me te whakamahi i te whakamātau i te rama e hīkina mai i waenganui i te tāhuhu. Nō reira, ko ngā tāngata OTDRs kei a rātou tonu hei whakapai i te mahi whakauru me te tohu pai. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā toihautū ēnei tāngata whakarereke ki te tautohetohe haere, e noho ana he whakatika ki te whakatika me te pai ake i te hauora o te rorohiko. Nā tēnei, ko te whakapakari i tētahi kete tāngata pai hei whakamahi ko te whakanui pai mō ngā ratonga whakauru pūtonga rama.
Ngā Pātai Tāpiri
He aha te hunga FTTH?
FTTH, rānei, Fiber-to-the-Home, he hunga whakapā kōrero e whakamahi ana i ngā tākaro rama matū hei whakatupu i te huarahi whakaaoao hirere ki ngā nohonga whare rānei, ki ngā nohonga pakihi.
He aha te take i te pai ake o te FTTH i runga i te huarahi whakaaoao tawhito?
Kei te tuku ngā raeti hēngi ake i roto i te FTTH, ko te whakapakari whakamutunga, ko te whakatika hoki i te wā kaweata i ā muri i ngā take wharewhare e hāngai ana ki te DSL me te kāpura, e whakamahia ana ngā niho parū.
He aha ngā momo whakauru mō te FTTH?
Ka taea te whakauru i te FTTH i raro i ngā momo whakaruruhanga o runga i ngā pou āhuarangi rānei, rānei i raro i ngā rua whenua me ngā pūtomo.
Me pēhea te mahi mai o ngā ONT i roto i tētahi whiringa FTTH?
Ko ngā ONT ka whakawhiti i ngā tohu uruao mai i ngā uruao whakapakari i raro i ngā tohu hiko e whakahaere ana i ngā wharewhare motu, e awhina ana i te hononga hīrahi ki te ipurangi.
He aha te mahi a Cat6 wiri i roto i ngā tūmomo whare e whakamahia ana i te FTTH?
Ko te wiri Cat6 ka hono i te tūmomo iwi, ka tukua ngā raeti hokohoko nui me te itinga i te whakararu, ka whakapai i te hononga katoa.